What Is Pleural Mesothelioma and How Does It Affect Me?

Pleural mesothelioma is an asbestos lung cancer that occurs in the membrane surrounding the lungs, which is called the pleura.  There are two types of pleura.  The parietal pleura surrounds the chest cavity, and the visceral pleura directly surrounds the lung.  The pleura secretes fluids that lubricate the lungs and ease their movement for breathing.

Mesothelioma cancer in the pleura can occur in either layer and can spread from one layer to the other and from one lung to the other. In later stages, mesothelioma can spread to the lymph nodes and other areas of the body.

Diagnosis of mesothelioma and lung cancer

Lung cancer, which generally refers to cancer of the lung tissue itself, is different from mesothelioma, which originates in the lining surrounding the lung.

In addition to the location, the characteristics of the cancer cells also differ.  Pleural mesothelioma can be broken down into mesothelioma cancer cells, which are recognizable under a microscope.  Generally, tests used to diagnose mesothelioma include X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and biopsies.  A biopsy allows technicians to visually see the shape of cells and obtain a more precise mesothelioma diagnosis.  Of the three main types of pleural mesothelioma cells, two have dissimilar shapes, and the third is a tissue that combines the other two cell types.

Effects of pleural mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma primarily affects breathing.  As the mesothelioma develops, excess fluid gathers in the pleural cavity.  The fluid accumulates, creating a pleural effusion, and the pressure builds.  It is common to experience chest pain, wheezing, coughing, or shortness of breath.  Some people also experience hoarseness or trouble speaking. In some rare cases, people develop blood clots.

Pleural mesothelioma is the most common type of mesothelioma. There are treatment options available for pleural mesothelioma patients when they are diagnosed and curative treatments can be used that prolong life. In later stages, treatment is more palliative–designed for pain relief and improved quality of life.