What Is Mesothelioma?

Malignant mesothelioma is a deadly and rare form of cancer that affects the mesothelium, which is the membrane or lining that surrounds bodily organs like the lungs, heart, and abdomen. As with any type of cancer, malignant mesothelioma triggers abnormal, out-of-control cell reproduction that forms tumors. Mesothelioma is characterized by its location in the mesothelium, as opposed to other types of cancer where cells are directly in the organ tissue.

The mesothelium refers to two membranes—one that directly envelops the organ and one that lines the body cavity wall. The mesothelium releases fluid to lubricate between its two layers, protecting and providing a non-adhesive, slippery surface to assist the organ’s function within the body cavity.

Medically determined causes of mesothelioma

Asbestos is the cause of mesothelioma. While there is no medical cure for mesothelioma at this time, researchers are tirelessly searching for a cure through clinical trials, medical studies, and alternative non-medical treatment.

Mesothelioma symptoms

Patients manifest a variety of symptoms depending on the type of mesothelioma. Victims of pleural (lung) mesothelioma usually experience these symptoms:

Shortness of breath
Heaviness in the chest
Chest, back, or side pain

Difficulty swallowing
Cough
Fatigue
Weight loss

Peritoneal mesothelioma symptoms include:

Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting

Back pain
Anemia
Bowel obstruction
Weakness

Whether an individual experiences symptoms may depend on the stage of the cancer. More recently, some doctors have been relying on protein markers as a form of screening, testing, and aid in diagnosis, especially when asbestos exposure is a known factor.

Mesothelioma is generally not discovered in its early stages. However, early detection methods may prove invaluable for treating mesothelioma and eventually providing a cure.

Mesothelioma treatment options

The most common mesothelioma treatment options are traditional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Some patients take advantage of non-medical alternative approaches—such as herbs and diet—or clinical trials that explore treatment options and possible cures. Mesothelioma treatment options used in most cases are palliative, seeking to make patients comfortable and prolong life.